Laser-Accelerated Inflammation/Pain Reduction and Healing

Tissues and cells in a state of compromise respond faster than healthy tissues and cells to the energy transfer between LLLT-emitted light and Receptive chromophores in different organelles and cells sub-cellular. The tissues and cells that are damaged and ischemic and not well perfused due to swelling, edema, or injury exhibit an increased response to LLLT radiation than healthy tissues. Cell membranes, mitochondria, and damaged neuronal structures show lower than-optimal metabolic instabilities. Numerous studies have shown that under these challenging conditions, the emergence of energy transfer and the resulting increase in metabolic activity is more evident in biologically compromised components. Although LLLT might focus on affected cells, they have lower thresholds for responding to laser-induced light effects and are susceptible to energy transfer reactions. This means that LT can have a profound impact on tissues and cells that are damaged, whereas normal biological constituents are less affected.1

The actions of enzymes cause the cellular cascade effect and are essential when there is an impact on the cell and the function of tissues. Since most of the proteins that respond to stimulation by laser are enzymes, laser lights can enhance the effects through stimuli to beneficial enzymes and the inhibition of destructive enzymes.

On a cellular scale, cytochromes could be described as proton- or electron-transfer proteins that are energy producers for humans’ biological functions. The two cytochrome enzymeCytochromeome C Oxidase and Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) have been identified to be highly sensitive to photon stimulation from lasers. The specific affinity of these as well as other photo-reactive enzymes, to increase their activity when stimulated by LLLT results in significant increases in the chemical molecule ATP as well as Nitric Oxide (NO) and Nitric Oxide (NO), which increases the metabolic rate of cells, circulatory improvement, and nerve function.

While the different actions of LLLT regarding the healing process, pain, and inflammation are separated into categories to facilitate understanding of the process, their interplay could be more easily discernible. Regarding LLLT, the decrease in pain, inflammation, and healing times all complement each other, and many processes are concurrent or overlap.

Acute Inflammation Reduction

Following an acute trauma, the body, responding to the loss of structure of the soft tissue, vascular, connective tissue, and neurological processes, begins the body to react with various biological processes. The inflammatory reaction is composed of both cellular and vascular procedures. The components that respond to injury, such as Mast cells, Bradykinins, and Prostaglandins, and cells’ membrane reactions are activated. Symptoms of inflammation, edema, dysfunction, and pain manifest these events and processes. LT is a viable option for controlling both the symptoms as well as the underlying inflammation process via these actions:

Figure 1. LT cellular cascade effects that promote inflammation reduction

1. Stabilization of the cell membrane Stabilization of the cellular membrane Ca++ Na+, K+ levels, and the protons gradient across the mitochondria’s membrane are positively affected. This is achieved by producing positive Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which absorb triplet oxygen molecules laser light and produce monotoxygen molecules. ROS alters intracellular Ca++ concentrations, and laser therapy increases Ca++ synthesis within mitochondria. mitochondria.2`3`4
2. ATP creation and production are greatly enhanced, which aids in cell repair function, reproduction, and functional capacity. The stimulation by lasers of Cytochrom Cytochromee, which is a chromophore located in the mitochondria in cells, plays an important part in the rapid growth in the production and synthesis of ATP.3
3. Vasodilation can be stimulated by Histamine, Nitric Oxide (NO), and Serotonin increases, which reduces ischemia and enhances perfusion. Laser-mediated vasodilation improves the flow of oxygen and nutrients to damaged cells and aids in the repair and elimination of cell debris.5`6
4. Leukocytic activity is accelerated to a higher level, resulting in more efficient elimination of non-viable cell and tissue components, allowing for accelerated recovery and repair.
5. Increased Prostaglandin synthesizing, especially in the conversion of prostaglandins PGG2 as well as PGH2 peroxides to prostaglandin PGI2. PGI2 (Prostacyclin) is known to have anti-inflammatory and vasodilating action with a few properties similar to Cox-I and Cox-II inhibitors.7
6. Reduction in Interleukin 1(IL-1). Lasers have a diminishing influence on this pro-inflammatory cytokine, which is implicated in the causes of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammation conditions.8
7. Increased lymphocyte response. Along with increasing the number of lymphocytes, laser radiation enhances the function of lymphatic helper T cells and suppressor T-cells within the inflammation response. Alongside the laser-induced modification of beta cell function, the entire lymphatic system is positively affected by LLLT.9
8. Angiogenesis is increased. Both lymphatic capillaries and blood capillaries have been shown to show significant increase and renewal in the context of laser radiation. The resultant increase in perfusion and circulation increases the healing and repair processes. Laser-induced increases in NO and growth factors particularly cytokine INF g — contribute to this process.10`11
9. Temperature modulation. Inflammation-prone areas typically show varying temperatures, with the inflamed area having a higher temperature. Laser therapy was demonstrated to increase the normalization of temperature, showing its positive effect on inflammation.
10. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels are increased. (SOD) concentrations. Increases in cytokine production caused by lasers. SOD levels work with other anti-inflammatory processes that speed up the end of the inflammatory process. The interactions between SOD and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production following LLLT control free radical activity, allow ROS’s positive effects, and inhibit harmful interactions.